Original Article
Medical
Mohammed Shaker Al-Awady; Besma Mohammed Ali
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with high prevalence, mortality and morbidity characterized by prolonged high blood glucose concentrations resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. This study aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in glycemic control in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes with vitamin D deficiency. It is a prospective study between 1st of October 2022 to 31st of July 2023, where ninety patients (male: female ratio 1:1) with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency attended The Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad Government-Iraq, their ages between 5-18 years were followed for 10months to assess their Hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and serum calcium after correction of vitamin D level with therapeutic doses of vitamin D. The findings of the study had shown that 41.1% of the patients had vitamin D insufficiency and 58.9% with deficiency regardless sex and age. All the obese children and 66.4% of the overweight had vitamin D deficiency with significant correlation with BMI (P<0.001). The severity of vitamin D was also related to duration of disease diagnoses (P<0.001). Good glycemic control occurs in patients with vitamin D levels>50ng/ml (P<0.01). In 14.5% of the patients after 6 months, their vitamin D levels again became deficient, so re-check was needed after 6 months from the end of the loading therapy. Vitamin D deficiency among the patients of diabetes mellitus type 1 was high and was closely related to glycemic control. The level of vitamin D was negatively related to the body weight and the duration of the disease. Additionally, the findings of the study have demonstrated therapeutic dose of vitamin D has the potential to manage glucose levels.
Original Article
Medical
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal; Zahra Rajabi; Moslem Papizadeh; Samaneh Amiri; Abbas Rahimi Foroushani; Ahmad Naser; Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri; Hossein Masoumi-Asl; Parisa Torabi; Mehrnaz Mirza Babaei
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae ...
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The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been demonstrated in various food-borne pathogens. Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the first-line antimicrobials that are normally administered in case of gastrointestinal infections. However, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and some other members of Enterobacteriaceae have indicated broad resistance against such antibiotics thanks to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. In this research, 216 stool samples have been screened for ESBL-producing E. coli, using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility tests. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes CTX-M, SHV, and TEM. Our isolation experiments resulted in 111 E. coli isolates among which 41 (36.9%) isolates were found as ESBL. Also, 51.2% of the above ESBL isolates harbored blaTEM. Furthermore, 18 (43.9%) and 2 (4.9%) of those ESBL isolates had blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Our results revealed a detectable prevalence of ESBL E. coli in stool samples collected during food outbreaks. Results of such researches can guide how to control the distribution of drug-resistant pathogens in various environments. In this line, the considerable prevalence of ESBL E. coli seems to have originated from the wide administration of various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Original Article
System Biology
Ahmed Usman; Tanko Mahmoud Mohammed; Seni James Barka; Ismail Muhammad
Abstract
Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases that is still prevalent in Nigeria. The disease is of considerable socio-economic and public health importance with a lot of implications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of human onchocerciasis in five communities of the ...
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Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases that is still prevalent in Nigeria. The disease is of considerable socio-economic and public health importance with a lot of implications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of human onchocerciasis in five communities of the Northern Senatorial District of Adamawa State, Nigeria. A total of 629 study subjects were randomly selected and enrolled for the study. Skin snip and venous blood were collected from 196 and 433 study subjects respectively and examined for microfilaria of Onchocerca volvulus. Results obtained showed an overall of 3.4% infection while different Local Government Areas had different distribution patterns vis-a-viz percentages. Mubi had the highest percentage of 32.4% infection followed by Michika at 2.5% and the least was Madagali with Zero prevalence. Among different occupational groups, students had 7.8% infection, farmers had 3.4%, and other groups had zero prevalence. As per the age bracket, 10-19 years had 9.1% infection followed by 50-59 years (5.0%), and the least was 60-70 years with 1.9%. The Northern Senatorial District population needs to be educated on the disease onchocerciasis as the infection rate is rather increasing or near status with modern-day technology. The government and Non-Governmental Organizations may come in to assist in lowering the infection rate by providing or identifying specific clinics for the treatment or providing preventive drugs free.
Original Article
Medical
Kamran Vosoo; Abdolazim Sarli; Yousef Yousefi; Sareh Khavand; Farasat Veisi
Abstract
Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral infection that usually causes growths on mucous membranes or skin (warts). It has been confirmed that there are more than 100 types of human papilloma-virus (HPV). Some types of HPV infections cause warts, and some of them may cause different types of cancer. One ...
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Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a viral infection that usually causes growths on mucous membranes or skin (warts). It has been confirmed that there are more than 100 types of human papilloma-virus (HPV). Some types of HPV infections cause warts, and some of them may cause different types of cancer. One of the most common ways of transmitting the HPV virus is unprotected sex, and this virus is the leading cause of cancers of the urinary and genital tracts. Cervical cancer is the fourth cause of cancer death in women, and more than 90% are associated with persistent infection by one of the most dangerous types of the virus. This research aimed to determine the genotypes of the HPV virus in DNA extracted from people suspected of being infected with HPV. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, 225 cytology samples have been obtained from people suspected of being infected with the HPV virus, who had been referred to the Pardis laboratory of medical genetics of Dr. Abdolazim Sarli located in the Gonbad for diagnosis from 1401 to 1402. DNA extraction was done by CEDBIO kit and the determination of HPV virus genotypes was done by a GENOVA kit. The analysis of the data was done by Excel software. In this research, 225 samples have been studied. 106 women were positive while 118 women were negative. Furthermore, the most common high-risk genotypes were (16),(31,33,35,39,45,52,58,59,67) and (18) while the most common low-risk genotypes were (40,42,43,44,54,61,62,81,83,89) and (6,11). Moreover, the maximum age range of positive women is between 28 and 35. This study has demonstrated that the determining of dangerous genotypes is considered an essential measure in managing people infected with HPV, especially persistent infection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Original Article
Biochemistry
Lifeng Meng; Ping Zhou; Weifeng Xu; Wei Bian; Yunxiao Lin; Ying Guan
Abstract
Gout is a complex and common form of arthritis which has brought great inconveniences to the normal lives of patients worldwide. However, the molecular basis of gouty arthritis is still incompletely understood, which has limited the identification of therapeutic targets. Here we show that the Smad ubiquitin ...
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Gout is a complex and common form of arthritis which has brought great inconveniences to the normal lives of patients worldwide. However, the molecular basis of gouty arthritis is still incompletely understood, which has limited the identification of therapeutic targets. Here we show that the Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) is markedly lower in peripheral blood from human gouty arthritis patients. Smurf1 inhibitor A01 promoted mono-sodium urate (MSU) crystals-induced gouty arthritis. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of Smurf1 promotes M1-like macrophage polarization through accelerating glycolysis, and the AMPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulatory role of Smurf1. In conclusion, Smurf1 acted as a suppressor in gouty arthritis, which might serve as a potential target for the therapies of gouty arthritis.
Original Article
DNA, RNA, protein components
Basak Yavuz; Ozge Caglar Cil; Akin Cayir
Abstract
It has been aimed to compare the level of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and miRNA) concentrations in laryngeal cancer patients with the control group composed of healthy individuals. It has been utilized 46 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were previously diagnosed and treated were included ...
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It has been aimed to compare the level of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and miRNA) concentrations in laryngeal cancer patients with the control group composed of healthy individuals. It has been utilized 46 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were previously diagnosed and treated were included and 46 healthy individuals were included as a control group. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from all participants. DNA, RNA, and miRNA were fluorometrically measured. We applied Mann Whitney U test to compare both groups and the adjusted general lineal model to identify associations between nucleic acid concentrations and tumor stages. Circulating cell-free microRNA and RNA concentrations in the laryngeal cancer patients were significantly different (p<0.05). Most importantly, tumor stages were the main factor that altered miRNA concentration in circulation. Our findings support that circulating cell-free miRNA and RNA have potential to be associated with laryngeal cancer. Finally, cell-free miRNAs can be used as a tool to predict different stages of laryngeal cancer.
Original Article
Medical
Fatemeh Shamakhte; Elaha Tajbakhsh; Hassan Momtaz
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of ...
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Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains circulating among populations and crossing borders constitute a major problem for health control and require a fast and simple genotypic approach. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, molecular types and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus isolated from Hospitalized Patients in teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz. this cross-sectional study was from April to September 2023, MRSA strains were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The antibiotics studied were), Cefoxitin (15 μg) Gentamicin (10 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Erythromycin (15 μg), Clindamycin (2 μg), linzolide(10μg), azithromycin(5 μg). The tests were performed according to the guidelines of clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It also detected the mecA gene of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). 470 Staphylococcus aureus samples from patients hospitalized in different departments of Ahvaz Hospitals included 283 blood culture samples, 75 wound samples, 72 body fluid samples and 40 catheter samples, and 321 (68.3%) MRSA isolates were reported. All these 321 MRSA isolates were tested with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, linezolid, gentamicin, erythromycin, and azithromycin antibiotics. Also, the results of molecular identification of the mec A gene in 321 strains of S. aureus showed that 312 strains carry the mec A gene. The high prevalence of S. aureus samples can be caused by long-term hospitalization of patients in the ward and excessive use of antibiotics to treat the infection and increased resistance in isolates. As a result, more monitoring of the hospital's infection control department, as well as the expansion of the correct use of antibiotics, seems necessary and important.
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